| 1. |
It makes me nervous just to watch someone do it.
光是看別人做這件事就會讓我緊張。
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It certainly takes a lot of guts to jump one thousand feet above the water...
……從水面上一千呎的高度跳下的確需要很大的膽量。
It scares me just to think about it. 光是想到這點就夠讓我害怕的了。
上列句中使用虛主詞It代替不定詞片語作主詞的用法, 因不定詞片語作主詞時, 往往會形成主詞過長的現象, 故通常用代名詞it作虛主詞, 置於句首, 而將真主詞 (即不定詞片語) 移至句尾。由此可知, 上列例句原為: |
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Just to watch someone do it makes me nervous.
To jump one thousand feet above the water... certainly takes a lot of guts.
Just to think about it scares me.
試以虛主詞it代替不定詞片語作主詞譯出下列句子:
中文: 準時是有必要的。
英文: It is necessary to be on time.
中文: 看到我生病的母親受苦真是令我傷心。
英文: It hurts me to see my sick mother suffer.
中文: 努力工作是值得的。
英文: It pays to work hard. |
| 2. |
It makes me nervous just to watch someone do it.
光是看別人做這件事就會讓我緊張。 |
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注意:
本句中, 及物動詞watch (看) 接受詞someone後, 另接原形動詞do作受詞補語。英文中, 表『看』、『聽』、『感覺』等三類及物動詞稱為知覺動詞, 接了受詞後, 可用原形動詞作受詞補語, 表已發生的事實; 或用現在分詞作受詞補語, 表進行的狀態; 亦可用過去分詞作受詞補語, 表被動的概念。常見知覺動詞如下: |
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看: see、watch、look at (注視)。
聽: heare、listen to。
感覺: feel。
a. 以原形動詞作受詞補語:
旨在強調確有事情發生。
例: I saw her leave.
(我看到她離開了。)
I heard him cry.
(我聽到他哭了。)
本文中"...just to watch someone do it."即屬此用法。
b. 以現在分詞作受詞補語:
旨在強調事情正在發生。
例: I saw her leaving.
(我看到她正要離開。)
I heard him crying.
(我聽到他正在哭。)
When the teacher came in, I felt my legs trembling.
(當老師進來時，我感覺自己的雙腿在發抖。)
c. 以過去分詞作受詞補語:
旨在強調被動的狀態。
例: I saw him robbed.
(我看到他被搶了。)
I heard the door shut.
(我聽見門被關起來了。)
I felt myself lifted.
(我感覺自己被舉了起來。) |
| 3. |
It certainly takes a lot of guts to jump one thousand feet above the water...
……從水面上一千呎的高度跳下的確需要很大的膽量。 |
上列句中, 使用了"It takes + 表條件的名詞 + to + 原形動詞"的句型, 表『從事……需要……的條件』。其中it是虛主詞, 代替其後的不定詞片語 "to + 原形動詞", 此不定
詞片語才是真主詞。
It takes + 表條件的名詞 + to + 原形動詞 從事……需要……的條件 |
例: It takes patience to be a good mother.
(要做個好母親需要有耐心。)
It took courage for him to admit that he was wrong.
(對他來說，要承認自己是錯的需要勇氣。) |
| 4. |
...with only a rope tied to your legs. |
=...with only a rope which is tied to your legs.
雙腿只用一根繩索綁著……。 |
注意:
本句中的tied to your legs是過去分詞片語, 作形容詞用, 修飾前面的名詞a rope, 而tied之前則省略了which is。 |
| 5. |
They say to jump is foolish enough, but to have to pay for it is madness. |
=They say it is foolish enough to jump, but it is madness to have to pay for it.
他們說去跳就已經夠蠢了, 而還要付錢卻是瘋狂的行為。
For me, to live a short and exciting life is far better than to live a long and boring one.
=For me, it is far better to live a short and exciting life than to live a long and boring one.
對我來說, 過個短暫而刺激的生活比過漫長卻無聊的日子好得多。
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a. 上述兩句均可用虛主詞it代替不定詞片語, 置於句首, 而將不定詞片語置於句尾。
b. live a/an + 形容詞 + life 過著……的生活
=lead a/an + 形容詞 + life
例: The famous singer lives a simple life.
= The famous singer leads a simple life.
(那位名歌手過著簡樸的生活。) |
