文法解析
本課介紹"be known as + 身份""She is easy to get along with."的句子結構。
1.

Hong Ying...is known as the oldest person in China.

 洪英……是中國眾所週知最長壽的老人。

be known之後, 常用的介詞有下列三個:

a. be known as + 身份  以某身份被人所知; 是眾所週知的……

  : He is known as a great scientist.

    (眾所週知他是傑出的科學家。)

b. be known for + 事物  因某事物為人所知

  : He is known for his musical talent.

    (他在音樂方面的天賦使他聲名大噪。)

c. be known to + 人  被某人所知

  : He is known to all of us.

    (我們都知道他。)

注意:

無下列用法:

  He is known by us. ()

 

2.

形容詞如famousrenownednoted, 均表『出名的』, 之後可使用介詞asfor 



a. be

noted

famous

renowned

as + 身份  以某身份被人所知; 是眾所週知的……

: He is renowned as a talented musician.

    (他是個頗富盛名才氣洋溢的音樂家。)

b. be

noted

famous

renowned

for + 事物  因某事物為人所知

: He is famous for his invention of the light
  bulb.

    (他因發明了電燈而聲名大噪。)

 

3.

...she is humorous and easy to get along with.

……她很幽默也容易相處。

本句乃由下列句子簡化而來:
...she is humorous and she is easy to get along with.

a. 試比較下列兩句:

  She is easy to get along with others. ()

  她很容易與別人相處。

 →She is willing to get along with others. ()

  她願意與別人相處。

以上兩句的句子結構完全一樣, easy (容易的)willing (願意的) 均為形容詞, 皆作主詞補語, get along with皆有受詞others。但第一句是錯誤的, 第二句卻是正確的。理由何在?這完全與作主詞補語的形容詞有關。

b. 請注意下列的句型:

  人 + be動詞 + 形容詞 + to + 原形動詞

在上列的句型中, 形容詞必須有『出自某人心中的意願』的涵義。

常用的這些形容詞有willing (願意的)glad (樂意的)eager (渴望的)longing (渴望的)anxious (渴望的)。這些形容詞之後要接虛詞to引導的不定詞片語。片語中若原形動詞是不及物動詞, 之後不得置受詞; 若原形動詞是及物動詞, 之後應置受詞; 若片語語尾有介詞, 亦應置受詞。

  : He is willing to go. ()

    (他願意去。)

    理由: go是不及物動詞, 之後無需接受詞。

    He is eager to do. ()

    理由: do是及物動詞, 故之後須接受詞。

   →He is eager to do it. ()

    (他亟欲做這件事。)

    理由: do之後已有it作受詞。

    He is glad to do it with. ()

    理由: with是介詞, 之後應有受詞。

   →He is glad to do it with me. ()

    (他樂意與我做這件事。)

    理由: with之後有me作受詞。

    由上得知:

    She is willing to get along with others. ()

    理由: with是介詞, others作其受詞。

c. easy (容易的)difficult (困難的)hard (困難的) 等形容詞, 是修飾事情的形容詞, 不可用來修飾人。

  : He is easy. ()

    

    (他很容易。──無此用法)

    The job is easy. ()

     事

    (這工作很容易。)

    Singing is hard for me. ()

     事

    (對我來說唱歌很困難。)

    To do the work is easy. ()

       

    (做這工作很容易。)

以上例句中, 我們可用名詞 (The job)、動名詞 (Singing)、或不定詞片語 (To do the work) 作主詞, be動詞之後可接easyhard (difficult) 等形容詞作主詞補語。

d. 不定詞片語作主詞時, 若該片語最後一個字是受詞, 可將該受詞變作主詞, 片語的其餘部份則移至句尾。該主詞仍同時作句尾及物動詞或介詞的受詞。

  : To do the work is hard.

      主詞

    (做這工作很難。)

在上例中, the work是不定詞片語中動詞do的受詞, 故可變作主詞, To do則移至句尾, 即成:

    The work is hard to do.

    (這工作很難做。)

在上句中, The work仍作句尾do的受詞。故不可寫成:

: The work is hard to do it. (, it是多餘的受詞)

  To get along with her is easy.

    (跟她相處很容易。)

在上例中, her是不定詞片語中介詞with的受詞, 故可變作主詞 (但須將her改成主格形態she), To get along with則移至句尾, 即成:

    She is easy to get along with.

    (她很容易相處。)

在上句中, she仍作句尾with的受詞。故不可寫成:

She is easy to get along with others. (, others是多餘的受詞)




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