a. 所謂名詞同位語, 就是在名詞之後另置一名詞, 而兩個名詞地位相等。此時我們稱第二個名詞為第一個名詞的同位語。
例: I like John, a friend of mine.
(我喜歡約翰,他是我的朋友。)
本句中a friend of mine是John的同位語。由於John在句中作受詞, 故我們稱a friend of mine為受詞同位語。
又例: John, an English professor, teaches very well.
(約翰是英文教授,書教得很好。)
本句中an English professor是John的同位語。由於John在句中作主詞, 故我們稱an English professor為主詞同位語。
又例: He is John, my idol.
(他是約翰,也是我的偶像。)
*idol n. 偶像
本句中my idol是John的同位語。由於John在句中作主詞補語, 故我們稱my idol為補語同位語。
b. 名詞同位語乃由下列形容詞子句簡化而成:
who/which + be動詞+名詞
例: I like John, who is a friend of mine.
= I like John, a friend of mine.
John, who is an English professor, teaches
very well.
= John, an English professor, teaches very
well.
He is John, who is my idol.
= He is John, my idol.
又例: The dandelion, which is a small wild flower,
can be found almost everywhere.
= The dandelion, a small wild flower, can
be found almost everywhere.
(蒲公英是一種小野花,幾乎到處可以見到。)
*dandelion n. 蒲公英
I enjoy reading The Old Man and the Sea, which is a classic by Ernest Hemingway.
= I enjoy reading The Old Man and the Sea, a classic
by Ernest Hemingway.
(我喜歡看《老人與海》,那是海明威的經典之作。)
*classic n. 傑作; 經典之作
Horses, which are animals that were once used for transportation, have been replaced by cars.
= Horses, animals that were once used for transportation, have been replaced by cars.
(馬是一度曾被用作運輸的動物,現在已被汽車取代了。)
故本課閱讀原文中:
...including the Victoria Falls, the biggest waterfall in the world.
= ...including the Victoria Falls, which is the biggest waterfall in the world.
c. 由於名詞同位語均由非限定形容詞子句 (即關係代名詞who或which之前要有逗點) 簡化而成, 故名詞同位語之前亦應有逗點。若名詞同位語在句中出現時, 之後亦應置逗點; 若在句尾出現時則置句點。
句中:
例: David, a historian, knows a lot about the
history of China.
(大衛是史學家,對中國史很瞭解。)
句尾:
例: Here comes Rover, my pet dog.
(我的愛犬來福來了。)
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