a.人 + have + been to + 地方名詞 某人曾去過某地
has
例:I have been to Japan many times.
(我去過日本許多次。)
He has never been to Singapore.
(他從未到過新加坡。)
注意:
I have gone to Japan many times. (╳)
理由:
『have gone to + 地方名詞』表示『已到了某地而現在仍在該地』的意思。『have been to + 地方名詞』則表示『曾去過某地, 而現在已不在該地』。
比較下列兩句:
He has gone to Japan.
他已去日本了。 (此刻人在日本)
He has been to Japan once.
他曾去過日本一次。 (此刻人已不在日本)
b.在『have been to + 地方名詞』的句子結構中, 句尾多置頻率副詞 (如once、twice、many times) 或副詞before。
例:He has been to Japan twice.
(他去過日本兩次。)
I have been to Japan before.
(我曾去過日本。)
不可說:
I have been to Japan ago. (╳)
理由:
ago應使用於過去式的句子中。
故:
I went to Japan two years ago. (○)
(兩年前我曾到日本去。)
I was in Japan two years ago. (○)
(兩年前我在日本 。)
c. Have + 人 + ever been to + 地方名詞？
Has
某人去過某地沒有？
例:Have you ever been to Taitung?
(你有沒有去過台東？)
Has he ever been to Canada?
(他去過加拿大嗎？)
注意:
上列句中的ever是副詞, 本身不具特別意義, 只用來加強語氣, 通常使用於下列情況中:
1)疑問句:
例:Have you ever met him before? (與完成式並用)
(你見過他沒有？)
Will he ever come? (與未來式並用)
(他會來嗎？)
Did he ever come yesterday? (與過去式並用)
(他昨天來過嗎？)
2)if引導的副詞子句:
例:If you ever do it again, I'll punish you.
(你若再做這件事, 我就會處罰你。)
3)最高級形容詞修飾的名詞, 之後有關係代名詞引導的形容詞子句亦可
使用ever來加強語氣。
例:He is the best student that I've ever taught.
最高級
(他是我教過最好的學生。)
以上所有的例句中, ever皆可省略。故:
Have you met him before? (○)
Will he come? (○)
Did he come yesterday? (○)
If you do it again, I'll punish you. (○)
He is the best student that I've taught. (○)
4)不可隨意在肯定句中使用ever作『曾經』解。
例:I have ever met him. (╳)
(我曾見過他。)
I have ever been to Kaohsiung. (╳)
(我曾去過高雄。)
以上兩句應改為:
I have met him before. (○)
(我曾見過他。)
I have been to Kaohsiung before. (○)
(我曾去過高雄。) |
