deny為及物動詞, 有下列重要用法:

a. It cannot be denied + that引導的名詞子句　　不可否認……

　　例: It cannot be denied that hard work leads
　　　　to success.

　　　= No one can deny that hard work leads to
　　　　success.

　　　= There is no denying that hard work leads
　　　　to success.

　　　　(不可否認，努力導致成功。)

本課閱讀部份的第一句即採用此句型:

　　It cannot be denied that Van Gogh was a great
　　artist.

　　不可否認, 梵谷是位偉大的藝術家。

注意:

　　There is no + 動名詞　　沒有人能……

　= It is impossible to + 動詞原形

　= No one can + 動詞原形

　　例: There is no reasoning with such a stubborn
　　　　man as John.

  　　= It is impossible to reason with such a
　　　　stubborn man as John.

　　　= No one can reason with such a stubborn man
　　　　as John.

　　　　(誰都無法與像約翰這樣固執的人講理。)

b. deny + 動名詞　　否認……

　　=deny + that引導的名詞子句

　　例: He denied to have stolen Mary's money, but
　　　　I knew he was telling a lie. (╳)

　　　→He denied having stolen Mary's money, but
　　　　I knew he was telling a lie. (○)

　　　= He denied that he had stolen Mary's money,
　　　　but I knew he was telling a lie.

　　　　(他否認偷了瑪麗的錢，但我知道他在說謊。)

consider可作完全及物動詞, 亦可作不完全及物動詞。

a. consider作完全及物動詞時, 作『考慮』解, 可用名詞、動名詞或that引導的名詞子句作受詞。

　例: He has never considered the result.

　　　　(他從未考慮到結果。)

　　　I'll probably consider to study abroad. (╳)

　　→I'll probably consider studying abroad. (○)

　　　　(我可能會考慮出國唸書。)

　　　We consider that he is too old for this job.

　　　　(我們考慮到他年齡太大而不適合這份工作。)

b. consider作不完全及物動詞時, 表示『認為……是……』之意, 接受詞之後, 另須接名詞或形容詞作受詞補語。用法如下:

consider + 名詞/代名詞 + 名詞或形容詞 (作受詞補語)

　　例: We all consider him a hero.

　　　　(我們都認為他是英雄。)

　　　　She considers John competent.

　　　　(她認為約翰有能力。)

注意:

上列兩句亦可採被動語態, 句型如下:

　be considered + 名詞或形容詞 (作主詞補語)

故上列兩例亦可改寫如下:

　　He is considered a hero (by all of us).

　　John is considered competent (by her).

下列為本課閱讀部份的句子, 即採此句型:

　　However, he was considered an outcast by other
　　artists of his time.

　= However, other artists of his time considered
　　him an outcast.
　　不過, 他那個時代的其他藝術家都認為他是個被社會
　　所排斥的人。

例: I bought it with ten dollars. (╳)

　→I bought it for ten dollars. (○)

　　(這個東西我是十塊錢買的。──我買了它當作十塊
　　錢的價值)

　　What can you buy with one dollar? (╳)

　→What can you buy for one dollar? (○)

　　　(你一塊錢能買什麼？)

下列為本課閱讀部份的原句, 句中的for即屬此用法:

Today these paintings are admired as master-pieces, and are sold for large sums of money.

　　　今天這些畫被讚為傑作, 賣價甚高。

　　　What would you like at breakfast? (╳)

　　→What would you like for breakfast? (○)

　　　你早餐想吃什麼？/你想吃什麼當作早餐？

　　　I had two boiled eggs and some fruit at
　　　breakfast. (╳)

　　→I had two boiled eggs and some fruit for
　　　breakfast. (○)

　　　我早餐吃了兩個水煮蛋和一些水果。

　注意:

　例: I was at lunch when he came.

　　= I was having lunch when he came.

　　　(我正在吃午飯的時候，他來了。)