He wants expensive shoes, but he doesn't have any money.

= He wants expensive shoes, but he has no money.

他想要貴的鞋子, 但他沒錢。

no與not對初學英文的讀者來說, 有時是個頭痛的問題。請先看下例:

　I have not money. (╳)

　→ I have no money. (○)

　我沒有錢。

其實no與not很容易分辨:

a. no是形容詞, 表示『沒有一個』, 而not則是副詞,表示『不』的意思。

b. no就等於not any (沒有任何一個)。換言之, no之後可直接置名詞, 而not則須先接形容詞any, 才可接名詞。

例: I have not any money. (可)

  　= I have no money. (佳, no比not any更簡潔)　

　(我沒有錢。)

注意:

上列第一句中, not亦可置於動詞have之前, 形成否定句。但not不能直接修飾動詞, 須於其前按主詞人稱分置助動詞do或does, 再將動詞改為原形。

例: He not has any money. (╳)

　→ He does not have any money. (○)

  　= He doesn't have any money.

  　= He has no money.

　　(他沒有錢。)

He wants expensive shoes, but he doesn't have any money.

他想要貴的鞋子, 但他沒錢。

He is looking for one, but he isn't having any luck.

他正在找工作, 但他的運氣不好。

以上兩句中的but是對等連接詞。這種連接詞連接兩個主要子句。就寫作習慣而言, but之前應置逗點。不過, 現在的英美文章中, 亦常見將but之前的逗點省略。

他需要一份工作。他正在找工作, 但他的運氣不好。

a. 上列第二句中的one是代名詞, 代替前面的名詞a job。原句實為:

He needs a job. He is looking for a job, but...

但a job重覆了一次, 就修辭而言應予避免, 故用one代替。這個one專用來代替其前提過之單數可數名詞。

例: I need a good English dictionary, but I can't afford a good English dictionary now. (劣)

 　→ I need a good English dictionary, but I can't afford one now. (佳)

　(我需要一本好的英文字典，但我現在買不起。)

b. one亦可與形容詞並用。

例: I don't like this red pen. Give me a yellow pen. (劣)

  　= I don't like this red pen. Give me a yellow one. (佳)

　(我不喜歡這枝紅色的筆。給我一枝黃色的筆。)

因為他的鞋子有破洞, 所以沒有人給他工作。

本句中的because是副詞連接詞, 引導副詞子句, 修飾主要子句。because引導的副詞子句可置於主要子句前後。就寫作習慣而言, 置於主要子句之前時, 該主要子句與副詞子句之間應置逗點; 若置於主要子句之後時, 則該主要子句與副詞子句之間不置逗點。

例: Because he is knowledgeable, he has my respect.

  　= He has my respect because he is knowledgeable.

　(因為他有學問，所以我尊敬他。)

　其他副詞連接詞如although (= though, 雖然)、when (當)、if (如果) 等用法皆同。

例: Although he is rich, I don't envy him.

  　= I don't envy him although he is rich.

　(雖然他有錢，可我不嫉妒他。)

　If I have time, I will do it.

  　= I will do it if I have time.

　(我若有時間，就會做這件事。)