本課旨在協助熟悉常用的一些助動詞 (亦指情態動詞) 及其用法。這些助動詞有一個共同特徵: 它們之後皆接動詞原形。
a. Dan must take a day off tomorrow.
丹明天必須請假一天。
He has to take care of his sick mother.
他得照顧他生病的母親。
以上兩句中的must及has to (have to的第三人稱單數用法) 均表示『必須』, 但有其同異處。
1) 表示道德或義務 (如愛國、孝順父母)的『必須』時, 只能使用must。
have to則表示有勉強意味 (不得不去做) 的『必須』, 此時亦可使用
must。
例: You have to love your country. (╳)
→ You must love your country. (○)
(你必須愛國。)
You have to finish the work before you can go home.
= You must finish the work before you can go home.
(你得做完工作才能回家。)
2)must通常只能用來表示現在或未來的狀況, 不能用於過去的狀態中。
而 have to除可表示現在或未來的狀況外, 亦可改為過去式had to, 使用於過去的狀態中。
例: He must stay here now.
= He has to stay here now.
(他現在必須留下來。)
He must come here tomorrow.
= He has to come here tomorrow.
(他明天必須來。)
He must stay here yesterday. (╳)
→ He had to stay here yesterday. (○)
(他昨天必須留下來。)
b. He ought to talk to his boss, but he's afraid.
他應當向他的老闆說的, 但他怕。
What should Dan do?
丹該怎麼辦呢?
在『單字片語注解』中, 我們已說明ought to與should均表『應該』, 用法相同。故上兩句的ought to與should可互換, 而改為:
He should talk to his boss, but he's afraid.
What ought Dan to do?
(可別寫成"What ought to Dan do?"之錯誤句子結構) |