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文法解析 |
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本課主要介紹 "more...than..." ( 比……更…… ) 及 "as...as..." ( 和……一樣…… ) 的用法。
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1. |
Some people have more money than others. 有些人比別人有錢。 |
此處的 than 為副詞連接詞 , 引導副詞子句 , 修飾之前的比較級形容詞或副詞。
本句中的副詞子句 than others 修飾其前的比較級形容詞 more 。 than others 原本應為 than others do, do 為助動詞 , 代替之前主要子句中相同的動詞 have, 此處 do 已省略。茲將 than 引導的副詞子句中動詞省略的法則陳述如下 : |
a. 主要子句有 be 動詞時 , 副詞子句亦應使用 be 動詞 , 該 be 動詞通常予以省略。
例:She is more beautiful than you do .( ╳ )
→She is more beautiful than you are . ( ○ )
= She is more beautiful than you.
( 她比你美。 )
b. 主要子句有一般動詞時 , 副詞子句理應使用相同的動詞 , 但為了避免重複 , 該動詞應按時態及人稱改為 do 、 does 或 did; 而 do 、 does 或 did 通常亦予以省略。
例: He studies harder than I study .
( 劣 , study 與 studies 重複 )
→ He studies harder than I do .
( 佳 , 由於 study 是現在式 , 故改用 do 取代 )
= He studies harder than I.
( 他比我用功。 )
He came back earlier than I came back .
( 劣 , came back 重複 )
→He came back earlier than I did . ( 佳 , 由於 came 是過去
式 , 故改用 did)
= He came back earlier than I.
( 他比我早回來。 )
由上得知 :
Some people have more money than others have .
動詞 動詞
( 劣 , have 重複 )
→ Some people have more money than others do . ( 佳 )
= Some people have more money than others.
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2. |
Some people have more money than others .
有些人比別人有錢。 |
本句中的 others 是代名詞 , 等於 other people 。 some 亦可作代名詞 , 等於 some people 。 |
some...others... 有些人……有些人……
例: People have different hobbies. Some like to go
swimming, and others are fond of dancing.
( 人的愛好各有不同。有些人喜歡游泳,有些人則喜歡
跳舞。 )
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3. |
Some people are as poor as church mice.
有些人窮得像教堂裡的老鼠一樣窮得要命。
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In a way, these poor people are as rich as kings.
就某方面而言 , 這些窮人像國王一樣富有。 |
以上兩句均使用 "as...as..." ( 和……一樣地…… ) 。這種 "as...as..." 的句子結構一定要有形容詞或副詞方可使用。
因為第一個 as 是副詞 , 譯成『一樣地』 , 之後須接形容詞或副詞以供該 as 修飾 , 第二個 as 則為副詞連接詞 , 譯成『和』 , 之後接主詞及動詞 , 形成副詞子句 , 修飾第一個 as 。但和 than 引導的副詞子句一樣 , 第二個 as 之後的動詞為避免與主要子句的動詞重複而省略。省略的原則與 than 引導的副詞子句完全一樣。 |
a. 主要子句有 be 動詞時 , 副詞子句亦應使用 be 動詞 , 該 be 動詞通常予以省略。
例: She is as beautiful as you do . ( ╳ )
→She is as beautiful as you are . ( ○ )
= She is as beautiful as you.
( 她跟妳一樣美。 )
b. 主要子句有一般動詞時 , 副詞子句裡理應使用相同的動詞 , 但為了避免重複 , 該動詞應按時態及人稱改為 do 、 does 或 did; 而 do 、 does 或 did 通常亦予以省略。
例: He studies as hard as I study .
( 劣 , study 與 studies 重複 )
→ He studies as hard as I do .
( 佳 , 由於 study 是現在式 , 故改由 do 取代 ) = He studies as hard as I. ( 他跟我一樣用功。 )
He came back as early as I came back .
( 劣 , came back 重複 )
→He came back as early as I did .
( 佳 , 由於 came 是過去式 , 故用 did 取代 ) = He came back as early as I. ( 他和我一樣早回來。 )
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