文法解析
本課主要介紹 "more...than..." ( 比……更…… ) 及 "as...as..." ( 和……一樣…… ) 的用法。
1.

Some people have more money than others. 有些人比別人有錢。

此處的 than 為副詞連接詞 , 引導副詞子句 , 修飾之前的比較級形容詞或副詞。
本句中的副詞子句 than others 修飾其前的比較級形容詞 more 。 than others 原本應為 than others do, do 為助動詞 , 代替之前主要子句中相同的動詞 have, 此處 do 已省略。茲將 than 引導的副詞子句中動詞省略的法則陳述如下 :

a. 主要子句有 be 動詞時 , 副詞子句亦應使用 be 動詞 , 該 be 動詞通常予以省略。

She is more beautiful than you do .( ╳ )
 →She is more beautiful than you are . ( ○ )
 = She is more beautiful than you.
  ( 她比你美。 )

b. 主要子句有一般動詞時 , 副詞子句理應使用相同的動詞 , 但為了避免重複 , 該動詞應按時態及人稱改為 do 、 does 或 did; 而 do 、 does 或 did 通常亦予以省略。

He studies harder than I study .
  ( 劣 , study 與 studies 重複 )
 → He studies harder than I do .
   ( 佳 , 由於 study 是現在式 , 故改用 do 取代 )
  = He studies harder than I.
  ( 他比我用功。 )

  He came back earlier than I came back .
  ( 劣 , came back 重複 )

 →He came back earlier than I did . ( 佳 , 由於 came 是過去
  式 , 故改用 did)
 = He came back earlier than I.
 ( 他比我早回來。 )

由上得知 :
 Some people have more money than others have .
       動詞            動詞
 ( 劣 , have 重複 )

 → Some people have more money than others do . ( 佳 )
  = Some people have more money than others.


2.

Some people have more money than others .
有些人比別人有錢。

本句中的 others 是代名詞 , 等於 other people 。 some 亦可作代名詞 , 等於 some people 。

some...others...   有些人……有些人……

People have different hobbies. Some like to go
   swimming, and others are fond of dancing.

   ( 人的愛好各有不同。有些人喜歡游泳,有些人則喜歡
   跳舞。 )

 


3.

Some people are as poor as church mice.
有些人窮得像教堂裡的老鼠一樣窮得要命。

In a way, these poor people are as rich as kings.
就某方面而言 , 這些窮人像國王一樣富有。

以上兩句均使用 "as...as..." ( 和……一樣地…… ) 。這種 "as...as..." 的句子結構一定要有形容詞或副詞方可使用。
因為第一個 as 是副詞 , 譯成『一樣地』 , 之後須接形容詞或副詞以供該 as 修飾 , 第二個 as 則為副詞連接詞 , 譯成『和』 , 之後接主詞及動詞 , 形成副詞子句 , 修飾第一個 as 。但和 than 引導的副詞子句一樣 , 第二個 as 之後的動詞為避免與主要子句的動詞重複而省略。省略的原則與 than 引導的副詞子句完全一樣。

a. 主要子句有 be 動詞時 , 副詞子句亦應使用 be 動詞 , 該 be 動詞通常予以省略。

   She is as beautiful as you do . ( ╳ )

   She is as beautiful as you are . ( ○ )

    = She is as beautiful as you.

    ( 她跟妳一樣美。 )

b. 主要子句有一般動詞時 , 副詞子句裡理應使用相同的動詞 , 但為了避免重複 , 該動詞應按時態及人稱改為 do 、 does 或 did; 而 do 、 does 或 did 通常亦予以省略。

   He studies as hard as I study .
    ( 劣 , study 與 studies 重複 )

    He studies as hard as I do .
    ( 佳 , 由於 study 是現在式 , 故改由 do 取代 )
     = He studies as hard as I.
     ( 他跟我一樣用功。 )

     He came back as early as I came back .
     ( 劣 , came back 重複 )

   He came back as early as I did .
    ( 佳 , 由於 came 是過去式 , 故用 did 取代 )
     = He came back as early as I.
     ( 他和我一樣早回來。 )

 


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