文法解析
本課介紹複合形容詞的用法, 以及複習副詞子句變成副詞片語的方法。
1.

Sixteen-year-old Kelly Williams from St. Petersburg, Florida is the first female wrestler to fight against boys and beat them.
來自佛羅里達州聖彼得堡十六歲的凱莉•威廉斯是第一位和男孩子摔角並擊敗他們的女摔角手。

上列句中的sixteen-year-old (十六歲的) 為一複合字形成的形容詞, 且其中的名詞year不可用複數形years。此種可數名詞與數字詞用連字號"-"連接形成的複合形容詞中, 可數名詞一律用單數形而不可用複數形。

:Carl has a son who is twenty years old.

  Carl has a twenty-years-old son. ()

  Carl has a twenty-year-old son. ()

  (卡爾有個二十歲的兒子。)

 

  Helen lives in a ten-stories building. ()

Helen lives in a ten-story building. ()

  (海倫住在一棟十層樓的大廈裡。)

 

  Paul is six feet tall.

Paul is a six-feet-tall boy. ()

Paul is a six-foot-tall boy. ()

  (保羅是個六呎高的男孩子。)

 

2.

When asked about this, Kelly said, "People live in their own worlds and nobody has the right to force their values on others."

=When she was asked about this, Kelly said, "People live in their own worlds and nobody has the right to force their values on others."
被問到這個問題時, 凱莉說: 『人們有各自的天地, 沒有人有權利強迫別人接受自己的價值觀。』

上列第一句中劃線部分為副詞連接詞when引導的副詞片語, 用來修飾其後整個主要子句。

副詞連接詞when () while (在……的時候) 引導副詞子句時, 若此副詞子句之主詞與主要子句中之主詞相同時, 則此副詞子句可化簡為副詞片語。其化簡法則如下:

a.去掉副詞子句之主詞;

b.其後動詞化為現在分詞;

c.若動詞為be動詞 (: isamwas...) , 則在變成現在分
 
being後通常予以省略。

 

:When I am rich, I will buy a car.

    being

When being rich, I will buy a car.

When rich, I will buy a car.

  (我有錢時會買部車子。)

 

  When I swim, I never stay in the water for too long.

    swimming

When swimming, I never stay in the water for too long.

  (游泳時,我從不會在水中待太久。)

 

  While I was in Paris, I had a great time.

    being

While being in Paris, I had a great time.

  While in Paris, I had a great time.

  (我在巴黎時玩得很愉快。)

 

  While you drive, you should never drink.

       driving

While driving, you should never drink.

  (開車時你絕不可喝酒。)


注意:

if (如果)unless (除非)once (一……就……) (al)though (雖然) 等四個副詞連接詞引導的副詞子句中, 其主詞若與主要子句中之主詞相同, 且主詞後為『be動詞 + 形容詞/過去分詞』時, 則此副詞子句亦可化簡為副詞片語, be動詞在化為現在分詞being後一律予以省略。


:If it is too greasy, it can't be called health food.

   (being)

If too greasy, it can't be called health food.
  (如果太油膩的話,就不能叫作健康食品。)

 

  Unless you are instructed, you should not try this

        (being)

  experiment by yourself.

Unless instructed, you should not try this experiment by
  yourself.

  (除非有人指導,否則你不應該自己嘗試這項實驗。)

 

  Once he was rejected by the girl, Willie decided never to

        (being)

  ask her out again.

Once rejected by the girl, Willie decided never to ask her
  out again.

  (威利一被那個女孩拒絕就決定永遠不再邀她外出。)

 

  Though he was reluctant, he still went to the party.

       (being)

Though reluctant, he still went to the party.

  (雖然不情願,他還是去了那個派對。)

 


EX english 數位英語學院