文法解析
本課介紹複合形容詞的用法, 以及複習副詞子句變成副詞片語的方法。
1.

Sixteen-year-old Kelly Williams from St. Petersburg, Florida is the first female wrestler to fight against boys and beat them.
來自佛羅里達州聖彼得堡十六歲的凱莉•威廉斯是第一位和男孩子摔角並擊敗他們的女摔角手。

上列句中的sixteen-year-old (十六歲的) 為一複合字形成的形容詞, 且其中的名詞year不可用複數形years。此種可數名詞與數字詞用連字號"-"連接形成的複合形容詞中, 可數名詞一律用單數形而不可用複數形。

例:Carl has a son who is twenty years old.

 → Carl has a twenty-years-old son. (╳)

 → Carl has a twenty-year-old son. (○)

  (卡爾有個二十歲的兒子。)

 

  Helen lives in a ten-stories building. (╳)

→ Helen lives in a ten-story building. (○)

  (海倫住在一棟十層樓的大廈裡。)

 

  Paul is six feet tall.

→ Paul is a six-feet-tall boy. (╳)

→ Paul is a six-foot-tall boy. (○)

  (保羅是個六呎高的男孩子。)

 

2.

When asked about this, Kelly said, "People live in their own worlds and nobody has the right to force their values on others."

=When she was asked about this, Kelly said, "People live in their own worlds and nobody has the right to force their values on others."
被問到這個問題時, 凱莉說: 『人們有各自的天地, 沒有人有權利強迫別人接受自己的價值觀。』

上列第一句中劃線部分為副詞連接詞when引導的副詞片語, 用來修飾其後整個主要子句。

副詞連接詞when (當) 和while (在……的時候) 引導副詞子句時, 若此副詞子句之主詞與主要子句中之主詞相同時, 則此副詞子句可化簡為副詞片語。其化簡法則如下:

a.去掉副詞子句之主詞;

b.其後動詞化為現在分詞;

c.若動詞為be動詞 (如: is、am、was...) 時, 則在變成現在分
 詞
being後通常予以省略。

 

例:When I am rich, I will buy a car.

    being

→ When being rich, I will buy a car.

→ When rich, I will buy a car.

  (我有錢時會買部車子。)

 

  When I swim, I never stay in the water for too long.

    swimming

→ When swimming, I never stay in the water for too long.

  (游泳時,我從不會在水中待太久。)

 

  While I was in Paris, I had a great time.

    being

→ While being in Paris, I had a great time.

  →While in Paris, I had a great time.

  (我在巴黎時玩得很愉快。)

 

  While you drive, you should never drink.

       driving

→ While driving, you should never drink.

  (開車時你絕不可喝酒。)


注意:

if (如果)、unless (除非)、once (一……就……) 及(al)though (雖然) 等四個副詞連接詞引導的副詞子句中, 其主詞若與主要子句中之主詞相同, 且主詞後為『be動詞 + 形容詞/過去分詞』時, 則此副詞子句亦可化簡為副詞片語, 且be動詞在化為現在分詞being後一律予以省略。


例:If it is too greasy, it can't be called health food.

   (being)

→ If too greasy, it can't be called health food.
  (如果太油膩的話,就不能叫作健康食品。)

 

  Unless you are instructed, you should not try this

        (being)

  experiment by yourself.

→ Unless instructed, you should not try this experiment by
  yourself.

  (除非有人指導,否則你不應該自己嘗試這項實驗。)

 

  Once he was rejected by the girl, Willie decided never to

        (being)

  ask her out again.

→ Once rejected by the girl, Willie decided never to ask her
  out again.

  (威利一被那個女孩拒絕就決定永遠不再邀她外出。)

 

  Though he was reluctant, he still went to the party.

       (being)

→ Though reluctant, he still went to the party.

  (雖然不情願,他還是去了那個派對。)

 


EX english 數位英語學院