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| 文法解析 |
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| 本課介紹according to的用法, 並複習『when + 現在分詞』的句型。 |
| 1. |
According to Confucius, benevolence means courtesy, loyalty and unselfishness.
根據孔子的說法, 仁的意思就是禮貌、忠貞以及無私。
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according to... 根據……
according to視為介詞, 之後通常接名詞作受詞。 |
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例: According to a medical report, smoking can
cause lung cancer. 名詞
(根據一份醫學報告，抽煙會導致肺癌。)
但不可說:
According to his words, five people were
killed in the traffic accident. (╳)
雖然有名詞his words作受詞, 但這是洋涇濱英語, 正規的英語應為:
According to him, five people were killed in
the traffic accident.
(根據他的說法, 這次車禍有五個人喪生。)
下列是另一典型洋涇濱英語的例子:
Can you express your meaning in English? (╳)
應改為:
Can you express yourself in English? (○)
(你可以用英語表達你的意思嗎？)
要避免錯誤的洋涇濱英語, 唯一途徑就是多讀英美人士所寫的文章, 並不時背誦, 才能牢記固定的用語。每一個英語說得流利的人都有背誦文章的好習慣。
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| 2. |
Every teacher should, therefore, follow in his footsteps and emphasize benevolence when teaching.
=Every teacher should...when he teaches.
因此, 每個老師在教學時, 應效法孔子並強調仁的道理。 |
我們曾經介紹過when、while、if、once、though、unless等六個連接詞所引導的副詞子句簡化成分詞片語的方法。現在我們再複習一遍。
上述的副詞子句中, 若主詞與主要子句的主詞相同時, 可將子句中的主詞刪除, 並將之後的動詞變成現在分詞。若動詞是be動詞 (如is、are、was、were等), 一律變成現在分詞being, 而being再予省略。 |
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例: When you do the work, you must be careful.
主詞相同
→When you do the work, you must be careful.
doing
→When doing the work, you must be careful.
(做這工作時，你必須謹慎。)
又例: Though he is poor, he is happy.
主詞相同
→Though he is poor, he is happy.
being
→Though (being) poor, he is happy.
→Though poor, he is happy.
(他雖然窮，卻很快樂。)
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