省略關係代名詞

When we work, there is one golden rule we should always remember...

=When we work, there is one golden rule which we should always remember...

在工作時, 有一則我們必須牢記的金科玉律……

關係代名詞所引導的形容詞子句若屬限定修飾 (即關係代名詞之前無逗點), 且該關係代名詞在該子句中作及物動詞或介詞的受詞時, 該關係代名詞可予以省略。

a. 關係代名詞作及物動詞的受詞

　　例: He is a man whom we can trust.

                  及物動詞

　　　= He is a man we can trust.

　　　　(他是我們可以信賴的人。)

　　　　There is nothing that he doesn't know.

                     　　　　　　　　　及物動詞

　　　= There is nothing he doesn't know.

　　　　(他無所不知。)

b. 關係代名詞作介詞的受詞

　　例: John is the man whom you can depend on.

                       　　　　　　　　　　介詞

　　  = John is the man you can depend on.

　　　　(約翰是個你可以依賴的人。)

故在下列句中:

　　When we work, there is one golden rule which
　　we should always remember...

　　which作remember的受詞, 故可省略如下:

　　When we work, there is one golden rule we
　　should always remember...

注意:

若介詞置於句尾, 關係代名詞可予省略; 但若介詞置於關係代名詞之前, 則該關係代名詞不可省略。

例:
The place which I work at is not far from my house.

                    介詞

= The place I work at is not far from my house.

= The place at which I work is not far from my ouse.

= The place where I work is not far from my house.

　　　　(我工作的地點離我家不遠。)

形容詞子句可簡化為分詞片語

Something well begun is half done.

=Something that is well begun is half done.

　好的開始是成功的一半。

第一步: 刪除關係代名詞;

第二步: 將關係代名詞之後的動詞變成現在分詞;

第三步: 若動詞是be動詞, 變成現在分詞being之後再予省略。

　例: The girl who lives next to my house is my
　　　classmate.

                living

　　= The girl living next to my house is my
　　　classmate.

　　　(住在我家隔壁的那個女孩子是我的同班同學。)

　　　John is a young boy who is full of energy.

                          (being)

　　= John is a young boy full of energy.

　　　(約翰是個活力十足的年輕小伙子。)

　　　Have you ever read the book which was
　　　written by that author?

                                 (being)

　　= Have you ever read the book written by that
　　　author?

　　　(你有沒有看過那位作者所寫的那本書？)

故在下列句中:

　Something that is well begun is half done.

"that is well begun"是形容詞子句, 其中關係代名詞that等於which, 在該子句中作主詞, 故可刪除, 其後動詞is變成現在分詞being, 而being可予省略, 即成:

　Something well begun is half done.