文法解析
本課複習一些實用的不定詞片語用法, 並介紹助動詞can與not並用時應知事項, 以及動詞allow的用法。
1.

下列為常用的不定詞片語:

 to tell (you) the truth  (跟你) 說實話

 to be frank (with you)  坦白 (跟你)
 (= frankly speaking)

 to put it simply     簡言之

 to put it differently   換言之
 (= in other words)

 to sum up         總而言之

 to do + + justice   為某人說句公道話

以上這些片語使用時通常置於句首, 之後置逗點, 修飾全句。

 : To tell you the truth, he is not the kind of
   person you can trust.

   (跟你說實話,他不是那種你可信任的人。)

   To be frank with you, I don't know the
   answer to the question, either.

   (坦白跟你說,我也不知道這個問題的答案。)

   He is ill-tempered, selfish and unwilling to
   learn anything. To put it simply, he is a
   good-for-nothing.

   (他脾氣壞、自私、又什麼都不肯學。簡言之,他
    是廢物一個。)

   No one is immortal. To put it differently,
   everyone will die someday.

   (沒有人是長生不老的。換言之,每個人都會有過
    世的一天。)

   To sum up, mastering English is not an
   overnight job.

   (總而言之,精通英語不是一蹴而及的事。)

   To do him justice, he is not as bad as you
   might think.

   (幫他說句公道話,他並沒有你想的那麼壞。)

下列為本課閱讀部份的原句, 本句就使用了"to put it simply"的片語:

   To put it simply, that's because of air
   pollution.

   簡言之, 那是因為空氣污染的緣故。

2.

cannot並用時, 應寫成cannotcan't, 而非can not。但couldnot並用時, 應寫成could notcouldn't, 而非couldnotcan'tcouldn't多用於口語中, cannotcould not則多用於文章中, 是較正式的寫法。

: I'm sorry, but I can not make any promises
  now.(
)

 →I'm sorry, but I cannot (can't) make any
  promises now. (
)

   (很抱歉,我現在不能作任何的承諾。)

  I couldnot tell him the truth then. ()

 →I could not (couldn't) tell him the truth
  then. (
)

   (我當時不能把真相告訴他。)

下列為本課閱讀部份的原句, 本句就使用了cannot:

   Scientists tell us that because of air
   pollution, the earth's heat cannot escape.

   科學家告訴我們由於空氣污染, 地球的熱氣無法散
   出去。

3.

allow的用法

allow可作及物動詞, 亦可作不及物動詞。

a. 作及物動詞

  allow作『允許』解, 有下列用法:

  1) allow + 人或事物 + to + 原形動詞

   : He won't allow me to try again.

     (他不會允許我再試一遍的。)

     The father allowed his daughter to stay
     out until eight at night.

     (這位父親允許他的女兒晚上在外面待到八點
      才回家。)

以上兩句均可採被動語態 (be allowed to + 原形動詞) 如下:

   : I won't be allowed to try again.

     (我將不獲准再試一遍。)

     The daughter was allowed to stay out
     until eight at night.

     (這個女兒獲准晚上可在外面待到八點才回家
     )

本課閱讀部份的原句即採allow的被動語態:

  If this situation is allowed to continue,
  it will just keep getting hotter and hotter.

 = If we allow this situation to continue, it
  willjust keep getting hotter and hotter.

  如果我們任由這種情形一直持續下去,地球就會變得
  越來越熱。

  2) allow + 動名詞

   We don't allow to smoke here. ()

  →We don't allow smoking here. ()

  = Smoking isn't allowed here.

   這裡禁煙。

b. 作不及物動詞

  allow與介詞forof並用, 分別有下列意思:

  1) allow for...  體諒……,考慮……

   : Before you ask him to do it, you should
     allow for his situation.

   (你要求他做這件事之前,應先體諒他的處境。)

  2) allow of...  容有……的餘地 (通常用於否定
   句中)

   : This article is perfect. It allows of no
     criticism.

     (那文章完美得不容批評。)


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