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For example, they had me do the laundry, the dishes and the house cleaning.
例如, 他們會叫我洗衣服, 洗碗盤和打掃家裡。
They even got me to work part-time to help with the family expenses.
他們甚至叫我去打工來貼補家用。
They would not let me go outside the house for days.
他們好幾天都不讓我出門。
Parents can't force them to do anything.
做父母的不能強迫他們做任何事。
On the contrary, it seems as if children can get their parents to do anything for them.
相反地, 做孩子的似乎有辦法叫父母為他們做任何事。
注意:
上列句中的made、had、got、let、force稱為使役動詞。所謂使役動詞就是一種命令某人從事某件事的動詞, 加了受詞後, 可用原形動詞或不定詞片語 (to + 原形動詞) 作受詞補語。茲分類敘述如下:
a. 叫/令/使……
make/have + 人 + 原形動詞 叫某人做……
get + 人 + to + 原形動詞 叫某人做……
例: Paul's father made him paint the house.
(保羅的父親叫他漆房子。)
The boss had the secretary type the letter for him.
(老闆叫祕書幫他打那封信。)
Dad got me to wash the car for him.
(老爸叫我幫他洗車。)
注意:
1) make可使用於被動語態中, 但have及get則無被動語態。句型如下:
be made to + 原形動詞 被要求/命令做……
例: 主動語態:
Mom made me do the laundry.
(老媽叫我洗衣服。)
被動語態:
I was made to do the laundry.
(我被命令洗衣服。)
I was had to do the laundry. (╳)
I was got to do the laundry. (╳)
2) have及get加受詞後, 其後亦可接過去分詞作受詞補語, 此時的have及get譯成『把……』。句型如下:
have/get + 受詞 + 過去分詞 把……(被)……
例: I had my computer fixed.
(我把我的電腦修理好了。)
When did you get your hair cut?
(你什麼時候理的髮？)
上列兩句的fixed及cut均為過去分詞, 分別表示『被修理』、『(頭髮) 被理』, 暗示這些動作均是委託別人所做, 而非自己所為。
b.讓……
表『讓……』的動詞只有let一字, 其後亦用原形動詞作受詞補語, 並可使用被動語態 (唯較少使用), 句型如下:
let + 人 + 原形動詞 讓某人……
be let to + 原形動詞 被允許……(少用)
例: 主動語態:
They won't let me play with them.
(他們不讓我和他們一起玩耍。)
被動語態:
I am not let to play with them. (罕)
主動語態:
We let Mary join our club.
(我們讓瑪麗加入我們的俱樂部。)
被動語態:
Mary was let to join our club. (罕)
c. 強迫/要求/慫恿/催促……
此類動詞 + 人 + to + 原形動詞
例: I forced him to recite the lesson.
(我強迫他背這課給我聽。)
I asked him to write the letter.
(我要求他寫這封信。)
I urged him to work harder.
(我督促他工作努力些。)
He compelled me to do it against my will.
(他強迫我做那件我不願做的事。)
He told me to finish the work by ten.
(他叫我十點鐘以前做完這件工作。)
注意:
此類動詞變被動語態時, 仍用不定詞片語作補語。
例: I asked him to write the letter.
(我要求他寫這封信。)
→He was asked to write the letter.
(他被要求寫這封信。) |
