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1) 句中有be動詞時:
例: He is a doctor, and so is his father.
= He is a doctor. So is his father.
= He is a doctor, and his father is, too.
(他是個醫生，他父親也是。)
2) 句中有助動詞時:
例: She can swim, and so can I.
= She can swim. So can I.
= She can swim, and I can, too.
(她會游泳，我也會。)
3) 句中只有一般動詞時, 在簡應句部分, 則須按主詞人稱及動詞的時態作變化, 借用助動詞do、does或did:
例: He failed the exam, and so did she.
= He failed the exam. So did she.
= He failed the exam, and she did, too.
(他考試不及格，她也是。)
注意:
在對話中, 兩句指的是同一個人時, 不論句子是肯定句或否定句, 均用so引導, 且句子不倒裝, 此時so有『的確』的意味。
例: A: She is pretty.
B: So she is.
(甲：她很漂亮。)
(乙：她的確漂亮。)
A: You can't swim.
B: So I can't.
(甲：你不會游泳。)
(乙：我是不會。)
b. 否定簡應句中則用neither、nor或either。使用neither、nor時, 其後須採倒裝句, 且因neither為副詞, 故其前須置and, 而nor則為連接詞, 其前不必置and; either則置於句尾使用, 其前要有否定副詞not, 再置逗點。用法如下:
1) 句中有be動詞時:
例: John isn't a student, and neither am I.
= John isn't a student. Neither am I.
= John isn't a student, nor am I.
= John isn't a student, and I am not, either.
(約翰不是學生，我也不是。)
2) 句中有助動詞時:
例: Mary can't speak Japanese, and neither can Sam.
= Mary can't speak Japanese. Neither can Sam.
= Mary can't speak Japanese, nor can Sam.
= Mary can't speak Japanese, and Sam can't, either.
(瑪麗不會講日語，山姆也不會。)
3) 句中只有一般動詞時, 在簡應句部分, 則須按主詞人稱及動詞的時態作變化, 借用助動詞do、does或did:
例: Bill never drinks, and neither does Peter.
= Bill never drinks. Neither does Peter.
= Bill never drinks, nor does Peter.
= Bill never drinks, and Peter does not, either.
(比爾從不喝酒，彼得也從不喝。) |
